Domain Hijacking: What It Is, How It Works & Defenses

Domain hijacking in a nutshell: when attackers take control of your domain name without authorization. And unlike other cyberattacks where you might have a chance to quickly recover, domain hijacking can permanently separate you from your domain—and your customers.

Think it can’t happen to your business? In 2022, Hypixel Network (a Minecraft server with over 10 million active users) lost control of their domain to attackers who immediately used it to spread fake announcements and scam their users. Even major companies aren’t immune—Microsoft, Google, and Netflix have all faced domain hijacking attempts.

In this complete guide, you’ll learn:

 

• How domain hijackers take control of business domains
• The difference between domain hijacking, spoofing, and DNS poisoning
• Real-world examples of devastating domain hijacking attacks
• Step-by-step prevention strategies to protect your domain
• What to do if your domain gets hijacked (and why time is critical)

Here’s the thing about domain hijacking: prevention is everything. Once attackers gain control of your domain, recovery can be nearly impossible. Let’s dive into what you need to know to keep your domain—and your business—safe.

What is domain hijacking?

Domain hijacking is a cyberattack where hackers take control of a domain name that does not legitimately belong to them.

Here’s what makes domain hijacking especially dangerous:

• Complete loss of control: When attackers hijack your domain, they don’t just get your website—they can control everything connected to that domain. That means your email, your internal tools, your customer data, everything.
• Hard to recover: Unlike most cyberattacks where you can restore from backups, a hijacked domain might be gone forever. Even if you can prove it’s yours, legal recovery processes can take months or years—if they work at all.
• Perfect for impersonation: Once hijackers have your domain, they can send emails that look legitimate to your customers, partners, and employees. Your domain’s reputation makes people trust these messages without question.

For example, imagine your company uses “companyone.com.” An attacker who hijacks this domain could:

• Redirect your website to their scam page
• Read all emails sent to @companyone.com addresses
• Send “password reset” emails to your customers
• Access any service that uses your domain for verification

It often starts with something as simple as a phishing email to your domain administrator or a compromised account at your domain registrar.

Let’s look at a domain hijacking example.

Imagine that a company registered a domain name for their business on a registrar like Namecheap. An attacker who used phishing to gain access to the business’s control panel on Namecheap could use this access to point the domain to a scam site that the attackers control. Aside from potentially ripping off the company’s customers, such an attack could also damage the company’s reputation irrevocably. 

The threat is not theoretical. Consider what happened in a real-life example of a domain hijacking attack on May 2022 to Hypixel Network, a Minecraft server with over 10 million active users:

“Attempting to visit a Hypixel-owned domain shows firstly a fake announcement post that the upcoming Hytale video game has been canceled, and lists the hacker’s crypto address to donate to. It may also show a troll message aimed at Hypixel CEO Simon Collins-Laflamme.”

– Nixinova News, Hypixel Hacked (May 3, 2022)

Recovering from the loss of trust after an attack like this is uniquely challenging due to the central role that domain names often play in online services and businesses. This article aims to provide you with a set of tools to prevent domain hijacking before it happens. We’ll also show you the steps you can take after the fact to try to recover a domain that’s been hijacked by attackers.

Domain hijacking: Summary

Before we get into the details, let’s touch on the core themes that this article will cover.

What is domain hijacking	Domain hijacking occurs when hackers illicitly take control of a domain name away from its legitimate owner.
How does domain hijacking work	Scammers trick you into giving them control of your domain.
Why it’s harmful	Your domain name is trusted by users and can be exploited to launch scams.
How to prevent domain hijacking	Lock down your domain, secure your DNS settings, and follow cybersecurity best practices.
How to recover*	Contact your registrar immediately and follow appropriate legal processes for recovering your domain if they apply to your situation. *Note: if the attack is not detected early, it is often impossible to recover the domain.

Note that there are also a few related attacks:

• • Domain takeover: Snagging a domain as soon as it expires before the original owner can renew it.

• • Domain spoofing: Tricking a person into falsely believing you own a domain. 

• • DNS poisoning: Getting a nameserver to give an incorrect DNS record for a domain.

Domain hijacking vs. DNS poisoning—these aren’t the same thing. DNS poisoning can damage a domain, but it’s not necessarily hijacking it or taking it over.

Although all of these attacks are sometimes called “domain hijacking,” we will not cover them in depth in this article.

How domain hijacking works

Domain hijacking involves taking control over a domain illicitly, typically through social engineering.

Here’s how they typically pull it off:

1. The social engineering setup: Most domain hijacking starts with good old-fashioned trickery. Attackers research your company, find out who manages your domains, and target them with sophisticated phishing emails. These aren’t your obvious “Nigerian prince” scams—they’re often perfect replicas of messages from your domain registrar about “urgent account issues” or “security updates.”
2. The credential grab: Once they’ve hooked their target, attackers trick domain administrators into entering their registrar login credentials on a fake site. Sometimes they’ll even call pretending to be tech support (that’s called vishing). Two-factor authentication helps here, but clever attackers have ways around that too.
3. The swift takeover: With access to your registrar account, attackers quickly change ownership details and transfer the domain to a different registrar—often in a jurisdiction that makes recovery nearly impossible. This transfer step is crucial because it makes it much harder for you to get your domain back.
4. The damage begins: Within hours of taking control, hijackers can:
   • Point your website to their servers
   • Set up email accounts to intercept all your messages
   • Start sending phishing emails to your customers
   • Access any service that uses domain validation

The whole process can happen faster than you can say “DNS propagation,” and by the time most companies notice, the damage is already done.

Impact of a domain hijacking attack

Domain names are an essential part of many websites, apps, and businesses, which means a compromised domain name can lead to a myriad of opportunities for an attacker to exploit different aspects of an organization. Some ways this can hurt you include:

• • Loss of trust with users

• • Legal liability (if you lack adequate security or violated compliance standards)

• • A lengthy legal process to recover the domain (if it’s connected to a trademark or copyright you own)

• • The possibility of never recovering the domain name

• • Attackers reading emails sent to accounts that use your domain

Of course, the most important risk is the way such an attack could harm your end-users — the people your service is meant to help. Some ways that a domain hijacker might exploit this attack in ways that harm users include:

• • Changing responses from APIs served from your domain, which could allow the app to affect other products, like mobile apps

• • Sending emails using your domain’s email addresses and receiving emails sent to such domains from users.

• • Putting phishing content on your website

• • Sending payments for online stores to the attacker’s bank or PayPal account

• • Phishing users by impersonating your company using your email addresses 

Defending against domain hijacking attacks

Now that you understand how this attack works, let’s get to the practical matter of dealing with this threat. First, we’ll look at how you can stop this attack from occurring; then we’ll give you advice on how to respond to an attack after the fact.

Domain hijacking attack prevention

“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,” mused Benjamin Franklin to Philadelphia’s firefighters in 1736. The proverb holds true in today’s world for mitigating digital disasters as well. The prevention of domain hijacking rests on two pillars:

1. 1. Domain security
   2. Cybersecurity hygiene

 

Let’s go through both topics now.

Domain security refers to hardening a domain name within the settings of your registrar. These are some steps you can take to make your domain harder to hijack:

• • Turn on extra protections to prevent phishers from easily transferring your domain, such as Registrar Lock for Namecheap or Domain Privacy & Protection for Godaddy. You can find out whether your registrar offers similar protections.

• • Use WHOIS protection (to obscure your personal contact information).

• • Turn on auto-renewal, so hijackers cannot snatch up the domain if you accidentally let it expire.

• • Choose a trustworthy registrar with a reputation for excellent security.

Cybersecurity hygiene refers to general best practices for staying safe online. These digital safety tips will make it harder for scammers to launch social engineering attacks:

• • Use multi-factor authentication.

• • Use strong and unique passwords for every site and app. A password manager makes this easier to do consistently. You can check whether old, insecure passwords have been leaked in breaches using Have I Been Pwned.

• • Employ anti-phishing protection mechanisms, such as honoring DMARC policies on incoming mail.

Domain hijacking recovery

If you discover that your domain has been hijacked, your first step should be to contact your registrar. Reporting to your registrar quickly is essential because if the attacker tries to transfer to another registrar, there is a limited amount of time during which the registrar can cancel the transfer.

The first step is to contact the registrar by phone and attempt to speak with a human. The registrar usually has an email address you can use that’s specifically dedicated to receiving reports of abuse. However, abuse desks are often understaffed, meaning the response is often slow, if you get a response at all.

Next, you will want to issue press releases designed to communicate with all possible users of your domain’s website and begin the process of mitigating the damage done by the breached domain. Specifically, you’ll need to get the word out that your website wasn’t under your control as of a given date/time, and let them know that they should contact their banks to cancel any transactions.

If the domain is connected to a trademark or copyright that you hold, the next step is to follow the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) process for claiming the domain. If you don’t hold a mark pertaining to the domain, then this won’t help you.

Your final option is to pursue legal action against the party that has hijacked your domain in a court of law. Unfortunately, this is often not feasible due to issues with jurisdiction and the lack of enforcement in countries where many of these attacks originate.

Prevent domain hijacking

Domain hijacking occurs when attackers seize control of one of your most critical digital assets: your domain name. Once hackers steal your domain name, they can easily pivot to breaching your API, email, and other sensitive assets. 

The good news is that this kind of attack is very preventable. By deploying simple mitigations like locking down your domain using your registrar’s security feature and applying general cybersecurity best practices, you can greatly reduce the risk that domain hijacking poses to your organization. Consider using Valimail’s DMARC Monitor to improve your domain’s visibility and enhance efforts to prevent brand abuse and email spoofing.